Apache Maven Web应用

Maven Web应用

本教程将指导你如何使用 Maven 版本控制系统来管理一个基于 Web 的工程。在此,你将学习到如何创建/构建/部署以及运行 Web 应用程序。

创建Web应用

建立一个简单的 Java web 应用,我们可以使用 maven-archetype-webapp 插件。首先我们打开命令控制台,进入 C:\MVN 目录并且执行以下的 mvn 命令。

C:\MVN>mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.companyname.automobile -DartifactId=trucks -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp -DinteractiveMode=false

Maven 将开始处理并且将创建完整的基于 Web 的 java 应用工程结构。

[INFO] Scanning for projects... [INFO] Searching repository for plugin with prefix: 'archetype'. [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Building Maven Default Project [INFO] task-segment: [archetype:generate] (aggregator-style) [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Preparing archetype:generate [INFO] No goals needed for project - skipping [INFO] [archetype:generate {execution: default-cli}] [INFO] Generating project in Batch mode [INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Using following parameters for creating project from Old (1.x) Archetype: maven-archetype-webapp:1.0 [INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: com.companyname.automobile [INFO] Parameter: packageName, Value: com.companyname.automobile [INFO] Parameter: package, Value: com.companyname.automobile [INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: trucks [INFO] Parameter: basedir, Value: C:\MVN [INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0-SNAPSHOT [INFO] project created from Old (1.x) Archetype in dir: C:\MVN\trucks [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Total time: 16 seconds [INFO] Finished at: Tue Jul 17 11:00:00 IST 2012 [INFO] Final Memory: 20M/89M [INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------

现在进入 C:/MVN 目录,你将看到一个名为 trucks(由 artifactld 指定)的 java 应用工程。

03_Maven web应用.png

Maven 使用一个标准的目录架构,如上示例,我们可以理解以下的关键概念:

文件夹结构 描述
trucks 包含 src 文件夹和 pom.xml
src/main/webapp 包含 index.jsp 和 WEB-INF 文件夹.
src/main/webapp/WEB-INF 包含 web.xml
src/main/resources 包含 images / properties 文件。

POM.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.companyname.automobile</groupId> <artifactId>trucks</artifactId> <packaging>war</packaging> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>trucks Maven Webapp</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>3.8.1</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>trucks</finalName> </build> </project>

如果仔细观察,Maven 还创建了一个示例 JSP 的源文件。

打开 C:\ > MVN > trucks > src > main > webapp > 文件夹, 你将看到 index.jsp.

<html> <body> <h2>Hello World!</h2> </body> </html>

Build Web Application

打开终端,进入 C:\MVN\trucks 目录,然后执行如下 mvn 命令:

C:\MVN\trucks>mvn clean package

Maven 将会开始构建此工程,日志输出如下:

[INFO] Scanning for projects... [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Building trucks Maven Webapp [INFO] task-segment: [clean, package] [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] [clean:clean {execution: default-clean}] [INFO] [resources:resources {execution: default-resources}] [WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to copy filtered resources,i.e. build is platform dependent! [INFO] Copying 0 resource [INFO] [compiler:compile {execution: default-compile}] [INFO] No sources to compile [INFO] [resources:testResources {execution: default-testResources}] [WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to copy filtered resources,i.e. build is platform dependent! [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory C:\MVN\trucks\src\test\resources [INFO] [compiler:testCompile {execution: default-testCompile}] [INFO] No sources to compile [INFO] [surefire:test {execution: default-test}] [INFO] No tests to run. [INFO] [war:war {execution: default-war}] [INFO] Packaging webapp [INFO] Assembling webapp[trucks] in [C:\MVN\trucks\target\trucks] [INFO] Processing war project [INFO] Copying webapp resources[C:\MVN\trucks\src\main\webapp] [INFO] Webapp assembled in[77 msecs] [INFO] Building war: C:\MVN\trucks\target\trucks.war [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Total time: 3 seconds [INFO] Finished at: Tue Jul 17 11:22:45 IST 2012 [INFO] Final Memory: 11M/85M [INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------

部署Web应用

现在拷贝在 C:\ > MVN > trucks > target > 文件夹下的 trucks.war 到你的 web 服务器的 webapp 目录下,并且重启 web 服务。

测试Web应用

使用 URL:

http://\<server-name>:\<port-number>/trucks/index.jsp

来运行你的 Web 应用。验证输出结果:

04_Maven web应用.png