Apache Maven工程模版

Maven工程模板

Maven 使用原型(Archetype)概念为用户提供了大量不同类型的工程模版(614 个)。Maven 使用下面的命令帮助用户快速创建 java 项目。

mvn archetype:generate

什么是原型

原型是一个 Maven 插件,它的任务是根据模板创建一个项目结构。我们将使用 quickstart 原型插件创建一个简单的 java 应用程序。

使用工程模板

让我们打开命令控制台,跳转到 C:\ > MVN 目录并执行以下 mvn 命令

C:\MVN>mvn archetype:generate

Maven 将开始处理,并要求选择所需的原型

INFO] Scanning for projects... [INFO] Searching repository for plugin with prefix: 'archetype'. [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Building Maven Default Project [INFO]task-segment: [archetype:generate] (aggregator-style) [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Preparing archetype:generate ... 600: remote -> org.trailsframework:trails-archetype (-) 601: remote -> org.trailsframework:trails-secure-archetype (-) 602: remote -> org.tynamo:tynamo-archetype (-) 603: remote -> org.wicketstuff.scala:wicket-scala-archetype (-) 604: remote -> org.wicketstuff.scala:wicketstuff-scala-archetype Basic setup for a project that combines Scala and Wicket, depending on the Wicket-Scala project. Includes an example Specs test.) 605: remote -> org.wikbook:wikbook.archetype (-) 606: remote -> org.xaloon.archetype:xaloon-archetype-wicket-jpa-glassfish (-) 607: remote -> org.xaloon.archetype:xaloon-archetype-wicket-jpa-spring (-) 608: remote -> org.xwiki.commons:xwiki-commons-component-archetype (Make it easy to create a maven project for creating XWiki Components.) 609: remote -> org.xwiki.rendering:xwiki-rendering-archetype-macro (Make it easy to create a maven project for creating XWiki Rendering Macros.) 610: remote -> org.zkoss:zk-archetype-component (The ZK Component archetype) 611: remote -> org.zkoss:zk-archetype-webapp (The ZK wepapp archetype) 612: remote -> ru.circumflex:circumflex-archetype (-) 613: remote -> se.vgregion.javg.maven.archetypes:javg-minimal-archetype (-) 614: remote -> sk.seges.sesam:sesam-annotation-archetype (-) Choose a number or apply filter (format: [groupId:]artifactId, case sensitive contains): 203:

按下 Enter 选择默认选项 (203:maven-archetype-quickstart),Maven 将询问原型的版本

Choose org.apache.maven.archetypes:maven-archetype-quickstart version: 1: 1.0-alpha-1 2: 1.0-alpha-2 3: 1.0-alpha-3 4: 1.0-alpha-4 5: 1.0 6: 1.1 Choose a number: 6:

按下 Enter 选择默认选项 (6:maven-archetype-quickstart:1.1)Maven 将询问工程细节。按要求输入工程细节。如果要使用默认值则直接按 Enter 键。你也可以输入自己的值。

Define value for property 'groupId': : com.companyname.insurance Define value for property 'artifactId': : health Define value for property 'version': 1.0-SNAPSHOT: Define value for property 'package': com.companyname.insurance:

Maven 将要求确认工程细节。按 enter 或按 Y

Confirm properties configuration: groupId: com.companyname.insurance artifactId: health version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT package: com.companyname.insurance Y:

现在 Maven 将开始创建工程结构,显示如下:

[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Using following parameters for creating project from Old (1.x) Archetype: maven-archetype-quickstart:1.1 [INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: com.companyname.insurance [INFO] Parameter: packageName, Value: com.companyname.insurance [INFO] Parameter: package, Value: com.companyname.insurance [INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: health [INFO] Parameter: basedir, Value: C:\MVN [INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0-SNAPSHOT [INFO] project created from Old (1.x) Archetype in dir: C:\MVN\health [INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL [INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Total time: 4 minutes 12 seconds [INFO] Finished at: Fri Jul 13 11:10:12 IST 2012 [INFO] Final Memory: 20M/90M [INFO] -----------------------------------------------------------------------

创建的项目

现在转到 C:\ > MVN 目录。你会看到一个名为 health 的 java 应用程序项目,就像在项目创建的时候建立的 artifactId 名称一样。 Maven 将创建一个有标准目录布局的工程,如下所示:

05_Maven外部依赖.png

创建POM.xml

Maven 为工程生成一个 POM.xml文件,如下所列:

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.companyname.insurance</groupId> <artifactId>health</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>health</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>3.8.1</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>

创建App.java

Maven 生成一个 java 源文件示例,工程的 App.java 如下所示,路径:

C:\ > MVN > health > src > main > java > com > companyname > insurance > App.java
package com.companyname.insurance; /** * Hello world! * */ public class App { public static void main( String[] args ) { System.out.println( "Hello World!" ); } }

创建AppTest.java

Maven 生成一个 java 源文件示例,工程的 AppTest.java 如下所示,路径为:

C:\ > MVN > health > src > test > java > com > companyname > insurance > AppTest.java**
package com.companyname.insurance; import junit.framework.Test; import junit.framework.TestCase; import junit.framework.TestSuite; /** * Unit test for simple App. */ public class AppTest extends TestCase { /** * Create the test case * * @param testName name of the test case */ public AppTest( String testName ) { super( testName ); } /** * @return the suite of tests being tested */ public static Test suite() { return new TestSuite( AppTest.class ); } /** * Rigourous Test :-) */ public void testApp() { assertTrue( true ); } }

就这样。现在你可以看到 Maven 的强大之处。你可以用 maven 简单的命令创建任何类型的工程,并且可以启动您的开发。